St. Theresa's Hospital

What is Hernia?
A hernia occurs when an organ or fatty tissue squeezes through a weak spot in a surrounding muscle or connective tissue called fascia. The most common types of hernia are inguinal (inner groin), incisional (resulting from an incision), femoral (outer groin), umbilical (belly button), and hiatal (upper stomach). It can often be harmless and pain-free, but at times it can bring discomfort and pain.

In adults, hernias are most common in the groin or abdomen, according to NYU Langone Health. (1) When you have a hernia, you may see or feel a bulge in one of these areas. You may also experience pain that worsens during certain activities, such as when you lift something or stand for a long period of time.

You can develop a hernia all of a sudden after you bend, cough, laugh, or lift weights or heavy items. Alternatively, it can form over a period of weeks or months.

Most hernias are external, which means the tissue is pushing through the abdominal wall toward the outside of the body. This often creates a bulge that you can see. But a hernia can also be internal, which means that it remains inside the body (within the abdomen).

Symptoms of Hernia

The hernia is a common problem in society where people notice swelling, a balloon-like swelling that is there at the umbilicus or at the groin area. Groin means the junction between the thigh and abdominal. They notice after the surgery also. So they say that after the surgery there is a kind of swelling that comes out while standing and when they lie down, the swelling is not there. When they cough, the swelling is going to again increase in size. So, some people have pain. Some people don’t have the ability to compress the hernia. Some of them are present in emergency with pain, vomiting, and distension symptoms that are called emergencies. So any hernia is nothing but the intestines which are there in the abdomen. They are projecting out from a weak point of the abdomen and they are settling down just behind the skin. That is a hernia. So when there is a hernia, the treatment of choice is always surgery. There is no medical management for Hernia.

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Frozen shoulder is a painful condition in which the shoulder becomes stiff and inflamed, and movement becomes limited. Frozen shoulders are also called adhesive capsulitis. Signs and symptoms typically begin gradually, worsen over time and then resolve, usually within one to three years.

Frozen shoulder occurs when the strong connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint (called the shoulder joint capsule) becomes thick, stiff, and inflamed. (The joint capsule contains the ligaments that attach the top of the upper arm bone [humeral head] to the shoulder socket [glenoid], firmly holding the joint in place. This is more commonly known as the “ball and socket” joint.)

Frozen shoulder most commonly affects people between the ages of 40 and 60, and occurs in women more often than men. In addition, people with diabetes are at an increased risk for developing frozen shoulders. Physical therapy, with a focus on shoulder flexibility, is the primary treatment recommendation for frozen shoulder.

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder

The main symptoms of a frozen shoulder are pain and stiffness that make it difficult or impossible to move it.

If you have a frozen shoulder, you’ll likely feel a dull or achy pain in one shoulder. You might also feel the pain in the shoulder muscles that wrap around the top of your arm. You might feel the same sensation in your upper arm. Your pain could get worse at night, which can make it hard to sleep

You’ll typically go through three phases with a frozen shoulder. Each has its own unique symptoms and timeline.

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Symptoms of frozen shoulder are divided into three stages:

1. The “freezing” stage

In this stage, the shoulder becomes stiff and is painful to move. The pain slowly increases. It may worsen at night. Inability to move the shoulder increases. This stage lasts 6 weeks to 9 months.

2.  The “frozen” stage

In this stage, pain may lessen, but the shoulder remains stiff. This makes it more difficult to complete daily tasks and activities. This stage lasts 2 to 6 months.

3.  The “thawing” (recovery) stage

Shoulder motion slowly improves during the “thawing” stage. Complete return to normal or close to normal strength and motion typically takes from 6 months to 2 years.

For More Information -https://sttheresashospital.com/surgeries/frozen-shoulder-and-its-treatment

A rotator cuff impingement is a type of injury that causes shoulder pain. It affects the muscles and tendons between your arm bone and the top of your shoulder. You use this group of muscles and tendons, called the rotator cuff, to move and lift your arms.

An impingement happens when one of these tendons is injured, causing it to swell and get pinched by the bony top of your shoulder joint. The “pinching” makes it hard for blood to flow through. Because of that, your tendon can start to fray and split like a piece of rope.

Doctors sort these injuries into three grades based on your symptoms and how much damage the impingement causes:

• Grade 1: swelling and inflammation
• Grade 2: tendinopathy, or weakened tendons in the shoulder
• Grade 3: tears in the rotator cuff or changes in the shoulder bone, such as the growth of bony spurs called osteophytes

Rotator cuff impingement is most common in older adults and athletes, but 20% of all people will get it at some point in their lives. This shoulder problem can often be treated at home. In severe cases, you may need surgery.

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Symptoms of Rotator Cuff Tear

Rotator cuff pain commonly causes local swelling and tenderness in the front of the shoulder. You may have pain and stiffness when you lift your arm. There may also be pain when the arm is lowered from an elevated position.Sudden tears from accidents cause immediate, intense shoulder pain and arm weakness. With degenerative tears, you may have mild pain that improves with over-the-counter pain relievers. Over time, the pain gets worse, and pain relievers don’t help. Not everyone has pain, but most people have some degree of arm and shoulder weakness.

Signs of a rotator cuff tear include:

Difficulty and pain caused by raising your arm.

Popping or clicking sounds or sensations when moving your arm.

Shoulder pain that worsens at night or when resting your arm.

Shoulder weakness and struggling to lift items

For More Information -  https://sttheresashospital.com/surgeries/shoulder-impingement-and-rotator-cuff-tear/